芥菜型油菜和白菜型油菜种间杂种遗传分析

Genetic Analysis on Interspecific Hybrids Progeny between Brassica juncea and Brassica rapa

种间杂交是一种拓宽栽培作物遗传基础和转移优良性状的重要手段,已经广泛地用于作物品质的改良。本研究通过芥菜型油菜(Brassica juncea L.)和白菜型油菜(Brassica rapa L.)种间杂交,将芥菜型油菜的有利性状转移到白菜型油菜中,创造新型白菜型油菜,以改良白菜型油菜的农艺性状、提高抗逆性和拓宽其遗传基础。研究结果表明:以芥菜型油菜作母本、白菜型油菜作父本的杂交组合较易获得杂交种子,杂种F1植株营养生长具有较明显的杂种优势,但花粉完全不育;以白菜型油菜回交获得的BC1F1植株间表型差异明显,平均花粉可染率为34.8%,介于0～84%之间,群体自交不亲和;BC1F2和BC2F1群体变异广泛,出现自交亲和植株和黄子植株,平均花粉可染率分别为79.7%和79.1%。

Interspecific hybridization is an important approach to broaden genetic base and transfer superior traits which has been widely applied for improving crops.The objectives of this study were to obtain novel Brassica rapa by interspecific hybridization between B.juncea and B.rapa and transfer advanced characters from B.juncea to improve agronomic traits and resistance of B.rapa and broaden its genetic base.The results showed that hybridization with B.juncea as the female parent and B.rapa as the male parent was easy to harvest hybrid seeds.F1 plants were sterile and performed strong vegetative growth,which was backcrossed to the B.rapa to produce BC1F1 progeny.BC1F1 plants with great diversity of the morphology showed self-incompatible,with the average pollen stainability of 34.8%,which ranged from 0 to 84%.Self-compatible plants and pure yellow seeded plants were founded in BC1 F2 and BC2F1 progeny.Moreover,BC1F2 and BC2F1 populations both showed increasing fertility level and had the average pollen stainability of 79.7% and 79.1%,respectively.