学龄前儿童体力活动状况调查及其与骨量的回归分析

Current status of physical activities among preschool children and relationship of activity type with bone mass

目的 调查学龄前儿童体力活动状况及其性别差异,探索各种不同运动类型对骨骼健康指标的影响.方法 于2009至2010年期间在成都市不同城区采用典型抽样方法抽取4所幼儿园,再分层随机选取397名3～5岁学龄前儿童进行体力活动状况与骨量的调查.采用超声骨质分析仪测定幼儿骨量,家长填写体力活动问卷的调查方法测定幼儿园外时间体力活动水平.统计分析采用t检验进行组间比较,对各种运动类型进行因子分析.结果 在运动类型方面,男生园外跑步和武术运动时间大于女生,差异有统计学意义（t=1.94、2.84,P＜0.05）.女生平均每天舞蹈、跳绳和劳动的时间分别为0.78 h、0.08 h和0.22 h,大于男生,差异有统计学意义（t=-9.50、-3.43、-1.92,P＜0.05）.女生每周运动总时间和单位体重每周运动消耗能量分别为7.29 h和127.57 kJ,大于男生的6.51 h和113.85 kJ,差异有统计学意义（t=2.63、2.04,P＜0.05）,静息体力活动调查显示,男女生每天睡眠时间和每周看电视时间差异无统计学意义（t=0.180、0.520,P＞0.05）；每周平均电子游戏时间和玩电脑时间,男生大于女生,差异有统计学意义（t=2.760、2.510,P＜0.05）.儿童骨量与中重度体力活动和跳跃运动标准化相关系数分别为0.184和0.275,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 儿童骨量主要受到中重体力活动和跳跃运动的正面影响,应加强运动干预,并适度增加专业训练的运动项目比重.

Objective To investigate physical activities of preschool children by gender and to explore the effects of activity type on bone indexes.Methods During 2009 and 2010,397 preschool children of 3-5 years old were randomly selected from 4 kindergartens in Chengdu Province of China.Ultrasound bone analyzer was used to assess children＇s bone mass.A physical activity questionnaire was completed by parents to evaluate physical activities at leisure time.Student＇s t test and least square regression were used for data analysis.Results Concerning activity types,boys spent more leisure time on running and Wushu than girls did （t values were 1.94 and 2.84,respectively ; both P ＜ 0.05）.However,girls spent more time on dancing （0.78 h）,jumping rope （0.08 h） and manual labour （0.22 h） each day （t values were-9.50,-3.43 and-1.92,respectively; all P ＜ 0.05）.The weekly total exercise time and energy consumption per unit of body weight of girls vs.boys were 7.29 vs.6.51 h and 127.57 vs.113.85 kJ （t values were 2.63 and 2.04,respectively ; both P ＜ 0.05）.About per day time on sleeping and per week time on watching television,there were no significant difference between boys and girls （t =0.180,0.520;P ＞0.05）.But boys spent more time on electronic game and computer than girls （t =0.760,2.510;P ＜ 0.05）.The normalized correlation coefficient for bone mass and moderate physical activities or jumping was 0.184 and 0.275,respectively （both P ＜ 0.05）.Conclusions Our data suggest that preschool children＇s bone volume may be positively correlated with moderate physical activities and jumping activities.Introducing some moderate physical activities or activity appliance,toys and playing fields as well as increasing professional training might be helpful.