百色市室内环境污染对儿童哮喘及哮喘样症状影响的流行病学调查

Effects of Indoor Environmental Pollution on Asthma and Asthma-Related Symptoms among Children from Baise City

目的探讨室内环境污染对儿童哮喘及哮喘样症状的影响效应。方法采用整群随机抽样方法,于2010年4月在百色市随机抽取6所小学,采用国际统一的标准问卷ATS调查表对所选学校的所有学生的室内环境和呼吸系统疾病及症状进行流行病学调查。结果百色市儿童的持续咳嗽、持续咳痰、哮喘、哮喘现患、喘鸣现患和过敏性鼻炎的患病率分别是11.52%、6.68%、7.63%、2.04%、4.15%、5.90%。男性儿童哮喘和哮喘现患患病率显著高于女性儿童患病水平(P<0.05)。多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,暴露室内装修可显著的增高儿童患有哮喘的风险性(OR=1.88,95%CI=1.46～2.42),暴露被动吸烟的儿童患有哮喘的风险性是非暴露儿童的1.76倍(95%CI=1.37～2.26),同时在调整了其他混杂因素的效应后,家养宠物(OR=1.68,95%CI=1.26～2.24)、室内发霉或霉斑(OR=1.87,95%CI=1.17～2.98)及蟑螂(OR=1.96,95%CI=1.51～2.54)等均为儿童患有哮喘的危险因素;而冬季经常开窗换气和使用抽油烟机可降低儿童患有哮喘及哮喘样症状的危险性。结论室内装修、被动吸烟暴露、室内烹饪油烟、饲养宠物、霉菌、蟑螂是儿童患有哮喘及哮喘样症状的危险因素;而开窗换气和使用抽油烟机可降低儿童患有哮喘的危险性。

Objective To study the association between expo- sure to indoor environmental pollution and doctor-diagnosed asthma and asthma-related symptoms in children. Methods A cross-sectional study of children was conducted at 6 randomly selected elementary schools in Baise city. Information on respiratory health and exposure to pets was ob- tained by a standard questionnaire from the American Thoracic Society. Results Of 3931 eligible participants, 3473 returned the medical ques- tionnaire （88.67%）. This prevalence of persistent cough, persistent phlegm,doctor-diagnosed asthma, current asthma,current wheeze and aller- gic rhinitis among the children in Baise City were 11.52%, 6.68%, 7.63% ,2.04% ,4. 15% and 5.90% ,respectively. The prevalence of doc- tor-diagnosed asthma and current asthma in boys were significantly higher than that in girls（ P 〈 0.05 ）. The adjusted ORs for increased risk of doctor- diagnosed asthma for house decoration and environmental tobacco smoke （ETS） exposures were 1.88（95% CI = 1.46-2. 42） and 1.76（95% CI = 1.37-2. 26 ）, respectively. After adjusting other confounded factors＇ effect, doctor-diagnosed asthma was associated with pet keeping in home （ OR =1.68,95 % CI = 1.26-2.24 ）, dampness and mold （ OR = 1.87,95 % CI = 1.17-2.98） and cockroaches（OR = 1.96,95% CI= 1.51-2. 54）. While,o- pening window for change air during winter, and ventilation device use were associated with lower prevalence of doctor-diagnosed asthma and asth- ma-related symptoms in children. Conclusion Based upon the findings of this study, it is concluded that home environmental factors are particular- ly important for the development of respiratory morbidity among children.