东南亚国家人口红利模式研究

Study on the Demographic Dividend Model of Southeast Asian Countries

经济增长与人口结构的转变密切相连。东南亚主要国家人口抚养比现在都进入了一个下降通道,其中各国少儿抚养比的下降幅度都很大,但老年抚养比的变化各不相同,有的已率先进入老龄社会,有的则正处于人口红利期。因为人口结构不同,东南亚各国的经济发展模式也迥异。马来西亚采取了鼓励生育、加强人力资源开发、吸引周边国家劳动力的发展模式;菲律宾则在实行控制人口增长政策的同时,采取了向周边国家输出剩余劳动力的模式;印尼和越南则是在控制人口生育率的基础上,既采取多元化吸收劳动力的措施,同时也采取向海外进行劳务输出的模式;而泰国的模式则是一方面加强人口生育率的控制,另一方面,又实行对外开放、吸收外来劳工并实行多元化经济发展。

Economic growth is closely linked to the changes of population the major countries in Southeast Asia has entered into a downward spiral. countries is declining, but the changes of the elder＇s dependency ratio are structure. Population dependency ratio of The children＇s dependency ratio of all the different from each other. Some countries have entered the aging society, while others are in demographic dividend period. Different countries＇ economic de- velopment modes are also very different. Malaysia applies a developing model of encouraging fertility, enhancing human resources development and attracting the neighboring country＇s labor. Philippines has implemented a policy of controlling the population growth, at the same time, it outputs the superfluous labor to the neighboring countries. to the outside world, absorbing foreign workers and implementing various ways to develop economy.