分子识别技术在金属分离回收中的应用研究进展

Progress in the application of molecular recognition technology to the metal separation and recovery

分子识别技术(Molecular Recognition Technology,MRT)是近年来基于超分子化学领域蓬勃发展起来的一种高选择性的分离技术。在冶金和环境治理领域,分子识别技术能有效分离及纯化金属。该技术主要由填充于分离柱上的分子识别材料(商品名SuperLig)完成分离。当携带目标离子的母液通过分子识别柱时,目标离子被选择性吸附,然后经过洗脱过程回收,最终被富集到少量的洗脱液中而再生。该处理过程环保而经济。综述了分子识别技术的发展、基本原理及其在冶金和环境治理领域分离、纯化和回收金属离子的应用研究进展,同时介绍了该技术在分离和回收核废料液中如铯、锝、锶和镭等放射性元素及矿山酸性废水中重金属的应用,并探讨了该技术的发展前景。

This paper is inclined to provide a summary overview enlightening the advancement and fundamental theory of Molecular Recognition Technology,MRT for short.In operation,the MRT system consists of the bound ligand material,brand-named SuperLig,packed into the fixed bed column.As a matter of fact,MRT is a highly selective separation technology which is founded on the theory of supra-molecular chemistry in recent years.The application of MRT has proved to be an effective treatment process for metal purification by removing the trace impurities in many hydrometallurgical circuits as well as in environmental treatment operations,by which the solution of a mixture of the target metal ion is passed through the column.And,when the target metal ion is removed selectively by means of the SuperLig product,the column can then be washed over to remove the residual feed solution,with the target metal ion recovered with a minimal quantity of affluent.In doing so,the result remains in a highly pure and concentrated product that can be preserved for its value or safe disposal.In addition,the process proves to be highly eco-environment-friendly with no organic solvents being left.Furthermore,this paper has provided a review of some examples of applications of MRT to the separation,purification and recovery of target elements and ions in metallurgical industry by removing the trace impurities and recovery of the trace metal impurities in a concentrated form in an environment-friendly manner.In the paper,we have also discussed some additional separations of interest from the pollution control,including the separation and recovery of Cs,Tc,Sr and Ra from the radioactive and mixed waste solutions and heavy metals from an acid mine drainage.And,finally,mention has also been done as to the development and extended application prospects of the technology in the future decades.