威廉姆斯内在理由概念的认知主义解读

A Cognitive Interpretation of Williams' Concept of Internal Reasons

规范性是人类生活的一个普遍现象,而行动理由是规范性的典型体现。威廉姆斯相信通过对理由概念的说明可以达到对规范性的本质理解。他以内在理由概念阐明规范性现象是如何借助于人们的行动表现出来的。通常有学者把威廉姆斯的内在理由概念理解为一种休谟式的观点,事实上,通过一种康德式的认知主义解读,在真值满足的条件下和规范性的辩护性意义上,内在理由充分地展示行动理由的规范性。威廉姆斯反对规范性的伦理,但他提倡个人行动的规范性。从内在理由概念出发,他提出了基于第一人称视角反思伦理生活复杂性的深刻洞见。

Normativity is a common phenomenon in human life, and the reason for action is a typical expression of such normativity. Williams believes that by explaining the concept of reason can lead to intrinsic understanding of the na- ture of normativity. With the concept of internal reasons, he explains how the normative phenomenon can be manifested by means of people＇s actions. Williams＇ internal reasons are usually interpreted by scholars as a Humean idea. However, in fact, through a Kantian cognitive interpretation, in the sense of true-value satisfaction and the defense of normativity, inter- nal reasons can fully justify the normativity of reasons for action. Williams opposes the normative ethics, but he advocates the normative nature of individual action. From the perspective of internal reasons, he proposes the profound insight based on the first-person point of view to review the complexities of ethic life.