社会合作的可能性:利科对哈贝马斯商谈伦理的改进

Possibility of Social Cooperation: Ricoeur's Improvement of Habermas' Discourse Ethics

商谈伦理是协商民主的哲学理论基础。虽然哈贝马斯很少使用"社会合作"术语,但其探讨的核心议题是社会合作的可能性。保罗.利科认为,社会合作的先验条件并不充分,主张对哈贝马斯的商谈伦理进行改进。他认为,在社会合作中,普遍化的纯化和先验进路是不必要的,普遍性证明是开放的,商谈伦理兼容于实践智慧。通过强调实践和应用的维度,利科补充了哈贝马斯的商谈伦理,带有功利主义和目的论色彩,这是对康德推崇自律的主体性伦理学的进一步偏离。

Discourse ethics is the philosophical and theoretical basis for deliberative democracy. Although Habermas rarely uses the term of ＂social cooperation＂, his core issue lies with the possibility of social cooperation. Paul Ricoeur be- heves that social cooperation doe not have sufficient a priori conditions, so he advocates the improvement of Habermas＇s dis- course ethics. In his view, in social cooperation, the universal purification and a priori approach are unnecessary, and uni- versality testimony is open, while discourse ethics is compatible with practical wisdom. By emphasizing the dimension of practice and application, Ricoeur complements Habermas＇ discourse ethics, in which there exist utilitarian and teleological elements. This represents the further deviation from the subjective ethics of self-esteem admired by Kant.