由自然自由到正当自由——评古典自然法学权利观

From Natural Freedom to Justified Freedom——Comment on Classical View of Rights in Natural Law

17、18世纪古典自然法学在兼顾社会自由与社会秩序、个人权利和国家权力的价值平衡的前提下,在国家建构的宏观框架下,从本源意义上讨论权利问题,在本体意义上将权利视为个人行为自由。在进一步将人类理性自然法与自然规律意义上的自然法作出区分、将依据理性自然法获得的个人正当自由与自然状态下的自然规律决定的随心所欲的个人自由作出区分的基础上,古典自然法学解说的"权利"相当于"正当自由"。

In the 17th and 18th centuries, on the precondition of value balance between social freedom and social order, individual rights and national power, within the macro framework of national construction, the classical natural law discussed the issue of rights in the original sense, and viewed rights as personal freedom of action in the ontological sense. On the basis of further distinguishing natural law based on human reason and the natural law in the sense of natural rides and distinguishing the legitimate individual freedom acquired from rational natural law and the individual freedom acquired at will in the natural state following the natural rules, the classical natural law interprets ＂rights＂ as tantamount to ＂legitimate freedom＂.