废科举、兴学堂与晚清地方士子--以林骏《颇宜茨室日记》为例的考察

Abolition of the Imperial Civil Examination System,Setting up Modern Schools,and the Local Student in the Late Qing Dynasty——A Case Study Based on Lin Jun's Poyici Shi Diary

晚清浙江省瑞安县士人林骏的日记记录了一个普通地方士子在科举改废、学堂兴起过程中的观察与活动,表明科举之废、学堂之兴在晚清地方尚可展现为"水到渠成"的递嬗过程,这种水到渠成与其在较长时段内引发的"深远"震荡不可混为一谈,却也并不矛盾。某些地方士子对科举由原初的"热心"到后来视停废为理所当然,对学堂由希望转为失望,这一看似前后抵牾的表现或可以从他们对旧制与旧学的不同态度中找到某种一以贯之的答案。

The diary of Lin Jun,a student in Rui'an county of Zhejing province in the late Qing period, notes an ordinary local student's observations and activities during the process of abolishing the Imperial Civil Examination System and setting up of modern schools. His notes indicate that abolishing the Imperial Civil Examination System and setting up modern schools could be seen as a 'natural' process of transformation in local places. This natural process should not be confused with the 'profound' shock experienced over the longer period,though the two do not contradict each other. Some local students were originally 'enthusiastic' about the Imperial Civil Examination System, but later regarded its abolishment as natural, and their hopes for modern schools turned into disappointment. Though this appears to be a contradictory manifestation, we can perhaps find a consistent explanation in the students' differing attitudes toward the old system and old scholarship.