五行说完成的历史考察

Historical Research about the Five Elements

五行说是中国古代思想学说中最为重要的学说之一,它是在古人宇宙观的指导下,把万事万物纳入一个相生相克的动态体系之中,且力图以此动态之关系把握整个宇宙间的秩序。本文在以往研究的基础上,对五行说体系的逐步建立进行了历史考察,在其起源上,区分了五行说中因素的出现及其体系的建立;在体系逐步完成过程中,有三大子系统及两次重大的整合。三大子系统分别为地上之五行、天上之五行及人之五行。两次重大整合为地上之五行与天上之五行的整合,及整合后的体系与人之五行的再次整合。文章还利用新出土材料,对人之五行纳入五行体系做了详尽梳理。整体而言,五行体系在商代晚期开始初步建立,西周春秋时期得到大力发展,且在春秋晚期趋向成熟,完成于战国晚期。

Five Elements, a key concept of Chinese traditional thought, puts everything into a mutual generation and re-striction system under the guidance of ancient cosmology, and attempt to hold this dynamic relationship. The paper distin-guished the factors and the system - building. In the process of system, there are three major subsystems and two integrations. Three major subsystems were the Five Elements of the ground, the Five Elements of the sky and the Five Elements of the peo- ple. There are two important integrations. One is the Five Elements of the ground and the Five Elements of the sky. The other is the original Five Elements and the Five Elements of the people. Using the new material, the paper analyzes the Five Ele-ments of the people and the Five Elements system. The Five Elements system started in the late Shang Dynasty to establish ini-tially, obtained development in the Western Zhou Dynasty and Spring and Autumn Periods, and matured in the late Spring and Autumn Periods, completed in the late Warring States Period.