四大网球公开赛以来奖牌区域动态分布演变分析

Dynamic Evolution of Medal Regional Ownership of Four Grand Tennis Match since the Tennis Open Era

对四大网球公开赛以来奖牌数及奖牌归属区域进行统计,结果发现:1)奖牌优势区为欧洲、北美洲;奖牌较优势区大洋洲;奖牌弱势区南美洲、非洲、亚洲。2)从四大网球公开赛发展历程看,第一阶段(1968—1982年),欧洲、北美洲、大洋洲"三足鼎立";第二阶段(1983—2002年),欧洲、北美洲"雌雄争霸";第三阶段(2003—2011年),欧洲"一枝独秀"。3)欧洲在四大满贯赛事中发展相对均衡,男子优于女子发展,其中男女在法网都最为突出;整体实力呈上升态势。北美洲女子优于男子,男、女在美国网球公开赛、温布尔登网球公开赛与欧洲不相上下。奖牌较优势区、弱势区中,大洋洲优势不复存在。非洲、亚洲处在网球发展的边缘地带,截止2011年,非洲在女子、亚洲在男子项目上还未突破零的时代。从我国女子"做强双打、做优单打"的经验来看,男子要在世界高度职业化发展的网坛中分得一杯羹,除了完善体制外,还要从管理水平、训练理念、作战思想、技术风格、运动选材等多个方面与世界接轨。

Through making the statistical analysis on medal number and regional ownership of the four grand tennis match since the Tennis Open started,this paper shows that： 1） The medal advantageous regions are Europe and North America;Comparative advantage region is Oceania;The weak regions are South America,Africa,and Asia.2） From the development process of four Tennis Open matches,in the first stage（1968—1982）,Europe,North America and Oceania were in a situation of＂tripartite confrontation＂;In the second stage（1983—2002）,Europe,North America were＂hegemony between two big giants＂;In the third phase（2003—2011）,only Europe outshone any other regions.3） Europe is relatively balanced in four grand matches.Men＇s development outpaced women＇s and both men and women are outstanding in French Open.The overall strength is on the rise.For North America,Women are superior to men.They are on the same level in U.S.Open and Wimbledon Open.In the comparative advantageous region and weak region,the Oceania does not have a strong advantage.Africa and Asia are in the development edge.By 2011,women in Africa and men in Asia haven＇t break through the era of zero.From China＇s women tennis experience of＂strengthening doubles and improving singles＂,if men＇s event would like to edge in highly professional tennis,except for improving the system,we should refer to the international experience in management level,training concept,competition strategy,technique style and elite selection.