先秦女性社会地位研究中的两个理论问题

Two Issues in the Research of Women's Status During the Pre-Qin Period

在先秦女性社会地位研究中,存在两个亟待重新认识的问题:女性在生产劳动中的作用是否决定女性的社会地位?女神信仰真的说明了早期社会中女性具有很高的甚至是支配性的社会地位?实际上,女性在生产活动中的作用不能单独决定女性的社会地位,它要通过社会评价系统起作用;"女神"信仰理论带有很强的预设性,并不能因此而断定考古材料中的泥塑都是所谓的"女神",也不能因此而断定早期社会中女性拥有很高的社会地位。从世界史和人类学的视野来看,女性的社会地位问题是非常复杂的,它是多种因素共同作用的结果,过分强调某一方面都是不科学的。

There are two issues in the research of women＇s status in the pre-Qin period, including the roles in productive labor of women and their status, of goddess faith and their social status. Firstly, the role in productivity can＇ t decide women＇ social status alone and it have to work through the social assessment system. Secondly, we can＇ t say that early sculptures in the archeological materials are all goddesses, and conclude that women in the early society enjoy higher social status. The problem is very complicated, and is the result that many kinds of factors act on together. It is not all scientific in a certain respect to emphasize excessively.