稠油高黏因素的初步研究

Preliminary study on high viscosity of heavy oils

分析了华北稠油、委内瑞拉稠油、轮古159稠油和新疆稠油4种稠油的密度、蜡含量、元素分布、酸值、数均相对分子质量和四组分分布等性质,并通过核磁共振H谱、电化学法、相对黏度法和表面张力法测定了4种稠油沥青质的结构、极性、缔合度和临界胶束浓度,并将上述性质与4种稠油的黏度进行了关联。研究表明,4种稠油的黏度:华北稠油<委内瑞拉稠油<轮古159稠油<新疆稠油,稠油密度、蜡含量、数均相对分子质量、结构、沥青质极性等性质与稠油黏度无直接联系,而稠油沥青质含量和沥青质缔合性大小顺序与稠油黏度大小顺序一致,稠油沥青质含量越高、沥青质缔合度越大、沥青质临界胶束浓度越小,稠油黏度越大。实验结果表明,稠油中沥青质的含量和沥青质的缔合性是影响稠油黏度的重要因素。

The basic properties of Huabei heavy oil, Venezuela heavy oil, Lungu 159 heavy oil and Xin- jiang heavy oil were analyzed, such as density, wax content, element distribution, acid number, molecular weight, etc. The structure, polarity, association degree and critical mieelle concentration （CMC） of asphalt- ene of four heavy oils were tested by 1H-NMR, electrochemistry method and surface tension method, and the viscosities of above 4 heavy oil were correlated. The results of study shows that the viscosities of 4 heavy oils are in the order of Huabei heavy oil 〈 Venezuela heavy oil 〈 Lungu 159 heavy oil 〈 Xinjiang heavy oil. The density, wax content, molecular weight and structure of heavy oil and polarity of asphaltene, etc have no di- rect relation with the viscosity of heavy oil. Whereas, the orders of asphaltene content and the association de- gree of asphaltene are consistent with that of viscosity of heavy oil, i.e. the higher the asphahene in heavy oil, the greater the association degree of asphahene ; the lower the critical micelle concentration （CMC） of asphalt- ene, the higher the viscosity of heavy oil. The asphaltene content of heavy oil and association degree of as- phaltene are the important factors affecting the viscosity of heavy oil.