肺结核患者应对方式和社会支持的研究

Investigation on coping styles and social support of pulmonary tuberculosis patients

目的调查肺结核患者的应对方式和社会支持水平,并比较不同人口学特征肺结核患者的应对方式、社会支持状况。方法按确诊登记顺序连续抽取250例新发痰涂片阳性的肺结核患者,选用特质应对方式问卷和社会支持评定量表进行问卷调查。结果 80.40%的肺结核患者积极应对方式得分处于中低水平,26.40%的患者消极应对方式得分处于高水平;肺结核患者高水平的主观支持占27.20%,低水平的客观支持、支持利用度分别占90.80%、100.00%,而患者高水平的社会支持总分仅占4.00%;婚姻状况和性别是主要影响因素。结论肺结核患者多采用消极应对方式,社会支持度低,其中未(离)婚患者为社会支持较低人群。应采取措施减少情绪应激、避免消极应对和增强社会支持,尤其注意未(离)婚患者的心理状况,以促进肺结核的控制。

Objective To investigate the coping styles and social support of pulmonary tuberculosis patients, and to compare the coping styles and social support of different demographic characteristics. Methods A total of 250 cases of new sputum smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients were selected con-tinuously in accordance with the registration order. They were investigated with Trait Coping Style Questionnaire and Social Support Rating Scale. Results About 80.04% of the patients showed a moderate or low level of positive coping style and 26.40% showed a high level of negative coping style. The percent of high level subjective support was 27.20% ,and the percents of low level objective support and usage degree of support were 90.80% and 100.00%, while the total score of high level social support was 4.00%. Marriage and gender were found to be the influencing factors. Conclusion Pulmonary tuberculosis patient stend to choose negative coping styles and show a low level of social support. The unmarried or divorced patients are the low level social support groups. It is suggested to take actions to reduce the patients＇emotional stress, avoide negative coping style and enhance social support, especially for those unmarried or di-vorced, to promote the control of pulmonary tuberculosis.