黑龙江萝北口岸鼠类的调查研究

Investigation of rodents at Luobei port

目的调查黑龙江省萝北口岸鼠类的种类组成和季节消长。方法采用夹日法在耕地、林缘草地和口岸储存仓库生境中捕鼠。结果2009—2010年在黑龙江萝北口岸共捕鼠1 073只,经分类鉴定隶属于3科8属9种。萝北口岸地区的优势种为褐家鼠(45.20%)。3种生境中,耕地的优势种为黑线姬鼠(29.67%)和大仓鼠(26.60%);林缘草地的优势种为褐家鼠(32.80%)和大仓鼠(20.00%);储存仓库的优势种为褐家鼠(66.97%)和小家鼠(32.68%)。4种常见鼠的活动季节分别为:黑线姬鼠12个月,小家鼠为9个月,褐家鼠和大仓鼠均为8个月;在整个活动季节期间,小家鼠在6月、褐家鼠在7月、大仓鼠在8月、黑线姬鼠在10月均仅出现1次高峰。结论在黑龙江省萝北口岸存在着感染和发生鼠传疾病的潜在威协。因此,在该口岸应加强鼠类监测,防鼠、灭鼠和个人防护不可忽视。

Objective To investigate species composition and seasonal fluctuation of rodents at Luobei port. Methods Rodents were caught by the snap trap in the farmlands,in the woodside meadows and storage warehouse. Results A total of 1 073 rodents were caught in 3 kinds of habitats of Luobei port, classified as 3 families 8 genera 9 species. The dominant species was Rattus norvegicus （45.20%） at Luobei port. The dominant community of 3 kinds of habitats showed in farmland for Apodemus agrarius （29.67%） and Tscherskia triton （26.60%）, in the woodside meadows for Rattus norvegicus （32.80%） and Tscherskia triton （20.00%）, and in storage warehouse for Rattus norvegicus （66.97%） and Mus musculus（32.68%）. The active seasons of 4 species rodents were in 12 months for Apcdemus agrarius, in 9 months for Mus musculus; in 8 months for Rattus norvegicus and Tscherskia triton. There was a peak in June in Mus musculus, in July for Rattus norvegicus,in August for Tscherskia triton, and in October for Apcdemus agrarius. Conclusion There is a potential threat of rodent-borne diseases at Luobei port. It is important to strengthen mornitoring of rodents, and rodent control and personal protection can not be ignored.