口腔矫治器在阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征治疗中的应用

Oral appliances in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(obstructive sleep apnea syndrome,OSAS)是在临床中最为常见的一种睡眠呼吸暂停综合征,主要表现为睡眠时打鼾并伴有呼吸暂停和呼吸表浅,夜间反复发生低氧血症、高碳酸血症和睡眠结构紊乱,导致白天嗜睡、心脑肺血管并发症乃至多脏器损害,严重影响患者的生活质量和寿命。随着研究的深入,OSAS的治疗方法取得了很大进展,其中口腔矫治器因其独特的优点及良好的效果而被患者所接受。应用于OSAS治疗的口腔矫治器种类繁多,适用范围及效果也因人而异。本文现将应用于OSAS治疗的各类口腔矫治器的临床效果、作用机制及戴用过程中存在的不良影响等做一综述。

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is commonly observed in clinics. Many cases present a significant health risk and can result in excessive daytime sleepiness, early morning headaches, impaired concentration, hypertension, heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, or even death. The method of treatment for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is developing fast. Oral appliances have been used by dentists for several decades to treat snoring and obstructive sleep ap- nea syndrome due to its uniqueness. The purpose of this article is to review the types and efficacy of oral appliances, the mechanisms of oral appliances and to summarize their clinical effectiveness and side effects.