我国免费幼儿教育政策个案研究报告

A Multiple-case Study of Free Early Childhood Education Policies in China

当下，部分地方政府实施的15年免费教育，即9年义务教育＋3年高中教育＋3年学前教育，已成为社会关注的热门话题。研究者为此精选已率先实施15年免费教育的陕西、山西两省各两个县市为个案，从可进入性、可支付性、可问责性和可持续性四个维度．对两省四县市的免费幼儿教育政策进行深入分析。研究发现：（1）四县市的幼儿园原本存在着教育质量不均衡的问题．加之缺少科学的学位分配制度，因此免费幼儿教育政策并没有完全解决可进入性问题，教育不公平现象依然存在。（2）免费幼儿教育政策只是部分解决了四县市公办幼儿园的可支付问题，并未有效解决大量民办幼儿园的可支付问题。（3）四县市的改革尚缺乏与财政投入相适应的幼教机构绩效管理和问责机制，可问责性不高。（4）以县为主、以煤炭经济为支撑的幼教财政投入机制可持续性不强。据此，研究者对如何更好地实施免费幼儿教育提出了相关的政策建议。

The 15 year free education （3-year early childhood education, 9-year compulsory education, 3-year senior high school education） launched in many counties has been a heated topic. This study examines the free early childhood education policies in four counties in Shanxi and Shaanxi Provinces using the ＂3A＂（accessibility, affordability, and accountability） framework as well as the policy sustainability. The results indicate that the policies： （1） tend to exacerbate the issue of accessibility and inequality in opportunity because of the differences in education quality; （2） only partially solve the problem of affordability; （3） lack corresponding policies on kindergarten accountability; and （4） are unlikely to be sustainable if the early childhood education budge entirely relies on the fiscal investment in the counties whose economy basically relies on coal mining. Some suggestions are also made.