美国婴幼儿家庭访问计划述评

A Review on Early Childhood Home Visiting Program of USA

婴幼儿家庭访问计划作为提高父母育儿技能及加强高危家庭与社区联系的核心策略，受到美国政府的空前重视。家访计划虽然大致可以归为六个不同的项目．但均聚焦高危家庭，强调加强这类家庭与社区的联系，强调深入婴幼儿家庭，提供有针对性的服务。大量实验证明，家访计划对婴幼儿及其家庭有显著支持作用，包括可以提高婴幼儿的入学准备水平，有效促进婴幼儿健康发展，减少婴幼儿被忽视和被虐待事件的发生，提高父母育儿能力等。美国的经验有一定借鉴意义。

Early childhood home visiting program is paid unprecedented attention by the US government as a core policy to improve parenting skills and strengthen the contact between high risk families and community resources. The US early childhood home visiting program, with six different modes, focuses on high risk families, strengthens the contact between these families and the community, and emphasizes the importance of visiting families with young children and providing individualized services. A large number of experiments have proven that home visiting program has a beneficial impact on children and their families, including improving children＇s preparing for elementary education, effectively promoting children＇s health development, reducing the possibility of being neglected and abused, and improving parents＇ parenting skills. American experiences have some significance.