基于面板数据的劳动力流动的区域差异研究——以国有企业大学生就业为例

THE RESEARCH ON THE EMPLOYMENT FACTORS OF COLLEGE STUDENTS AND ITS REGIONAL DIFFERENCES: THE EMPIRICAL STUDY ON STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISE BASED ON THE PANEL DATA

在大学教育转型的背景下,大学生就业难成为当前社会的一大焦点,化解大学生就业困局对于我国经济社会可持续发展具有重要的意义。为此,本文利用1999—2008年我国国有及国有控股企业的面板数据,通过实证测算大学生就业和工资之间的关系,探索大学生就业影响因素及其区域差异。研究结果发现:大学生就业增量和工资之间呈反比关系,而且大学生就业增量表现出明显的区域差异,表现出东部最强,西部最弱的大学生就业的区域聚集。出现这种情况的原因实际上由当前大学生劳动力市场区域分割、行业分割以及连年扩招造成的。为了改变这种局面,需要大力促进地区平衡发展、营造公平的就业竞争环境以及健全的就业激励和保障机制,同时还要完善就业服务体系,加强就业导向的实习指导和服务,提升大学生就业能力和就业素质。

In the background of university education transformation,the difficulty of college student employment became a focus in society,and it was meaningful for economic and social sustainable development of our country to resolve the predicament of university student employment.So using panel data of state-owned and state-holding enterprises in China from 1999 to 2008,this paper explored the factors that influenced university student employment and their region differences through an empirical study of the relationship between the employment increment of college student and students＇ wage.The results showed that their relationship was negative,and the region differences were significant： the eastern part is the most,and the western is the least.The emergency of this phenomenon was the results of the segmentation of current students＇ labor market,industrial segmentation and consecutive enrollment.In order to change this situation,we need to vigorously promote regional balanced development,build fair competitive environment and improve employment incentive and guarantee mechanism;meanwhile,we also need to improve the employment services system,strengthen employment guidance and service practice guidance,and promote the employment ability and quality of college students.