模拟月壤中着陆器足垫滑移受力的试验研究

Experimental study of sliding forces of lander footpad in simulant lunar soil

月面着陆器着陆过程中巨大的冲击作用会影响着陆安全和精密仪器的正常工作,因此,研究着陆器足垫与月壤相互作用对着陆器软着陆具有重要意义。足垫的水平滑移是着陆过程中较为复杂的阶段,利用自行研制的水平拖曳模型试验装置,在模拟月壤中开展足垫水平滑移的模型试验,研究滑移过程中足垫水平力和竖向轴力的变化,并进一步探讨模拟月壤的相对密实度、足垫的水平速度、刺入深度和转动角度等4个因素对足垫水平力和竖向轴力的影响。试验结果表明:足垫所受到的水平力与竖向轴力呈近似线性关系,当足垫受较大的水平力时,相应的竖向轴力也较大;足垫受力随相对密实度、水平速度和刺入深度的增加而增大;足垫的转动角度对其受力影响显著,当足垫的转动角度为(8°,26°)时,足垫所受到的竖向轴力和水平力最小,当转动角度为(0°,-26°)时,足垫的受力最大,在滑移过程中该角度姿态利于着陆器的缓冲机构对能量的耗散。

The study of the interaction between lunar lander footpad and lunar soil during the moon landing has great importance owing to the strong impact which affects safe landing and normal performance of inner precise instruments.Since horizontal slide is the complicated landing process,model tests on the process of dragging footpad in simulant lunar soil are carried out with the self-developed test device to investigate the changes of horizontal and vertical forces on footpad.The influences of relative densities,sliding velocities,penetrations and turn angles on these forces are further studied.The results show that the horizontal forces appear almost linear increase with the increase of vertical forces.Besides,the forces increase with the growth of relative density of soil,horizontal velocity and penetration.The forces are greatly influenced by the turn angle.When turn angle of footpad is（8°,26°）,the force of lander footpad is the least.When the turn angle is（0°,-26°）,which means bulldozing process,the force is the largest.This turn angle（0°,-26°） is appropriate for the buffer structure of lander to dissipate impact energy in slip process.