驻马店城市温度变化与空气质量的关系分析

Relationship Between the Temperature Change and Air Quality of Zhumadian in Recent Years

利用2005—2011年7年来驻马店及周边郊区3个气象台站、市3个环境监测站的温度和空气环境监测资料,表征城市中心、近郊、远郊温度、空气污染环境特征变化状况.对驻马店市城市热岛效应的年季月日变化特征规律进行了分析,制定了该市热岛效应的标准判据,探讨了城市空气污染物SO2,NO2,PM10浓度对热岛效应的作用及空气污染环境质量变化的年季月日变化特征,得出了如下结论:①该市存在明显的热岛效应,年内冬季最强、日内08时最为明显,14时强度最弱;变化态势城中心强于近郊,近郊大于远郊,呈递减分布特征.②城市空气质量与温度变化在热岛效应的相关性较好,污染浓度显示了SO2,NO2,PM10年内冬季污染浓度较大;年污染严重程度从大到小依次为冬秋春夏,12月至1月为污染高峰期,7月份为污染最轻月份;日内20时空气污染较重,02,08时次之,14时为每日中污染度较低时段;城中区污染大于近郊,近郊大于远郊;温度空气污染加剧了热岛效应的强度.③形成城市热岛效应的气象因素温度最为直接至关重要,具有较强的代表性.④空气污染环境状况的变化,特别是城市建设、人口、经济、工业化进程的快速发展,热量能源消耗、地理植被、生态环境的破坏失衡,则成为城市热岛效应的主要成因.⑤城市中心及郊区常有城郊环流维持,对温度变化、空气污染加剧城市热岛效应的形成具有相互作用影响,起到一定的助推作用.

The city center,suburban,exurban condition temperature and air pollution were showed using the three weather stations and three environmental monitoring stations data during 2005—2011.Zhumadian urban heat island effect on event time variation characteristics were analyzed and the standard criterion was made.Air pollution change characteristics of SO2,NO2,PM10 on heat island were discussed.The results showed that：①There is an obvious heat island effect in Zhumadian.It is strongest in winter and at 8 o’clock every day,while the weakest is at 14 o’clock.The effect of city is stronger than suburb and exurban,presenting decline characteristics.②Urban air quality and temperature change in the correlation of heat island effect was good,SO2,NO2,PM10 concentration was higher in winter,followed by autumn,summer and spring.It peakes from January to December and lightest in July.At twenty o’clock,the concentration of air pollution was heavier,while at 14 o’clock slighter.The pollution of city is higher than suburb and exurban.Temperature of the air pollution aggravated the intensity of heat island effect.③The influence of temperature on the heat island effect was important and representative.④Environment changes on air pollution,especially in the urban construction,population,economy,the rapid development of industrialization process,the heat energy consumption imbalance,geography,vegetation,the destruction of the ecological environment became the main cause of urban heat island effect.⑤ There was suburban environment between city center and suburbs.It played a role in the heat island effect because of temperature change and air pollution.