一种小型化超短波单极子天线设计

Design of a small ultra-short wave monopole antenna

超短波天线在舰船飞机上应用很广,天线的小型化有利于提升其隐蔽性、稳固性,因此对天线的小型化设计显得异常重要。采用加载集总元件和宽带匹配网络的方式,设计了一款新型超短波天线。将宽带匹配网络做成一个微带电路结构与天线辐射单元直接相连的一体化设计,进一步减小了天线的长度;采用Matlab和HFSS软件联合仿真,并运用遗传算法优化计算全部集总元件的具体数值。天线在100 MHz-400 MHz频段范围内的驻波系数VSWR(电压驻波比)小于3,水平方向全向辐射。天线和匹配网络总的物理长度仅为255 mm,实现了小型化的要求。制作了天线实物并测量,实测天线参数与仿真参数吻合较好,达到了设计目标。

The ultra-short wave antennas are widely used in ships and aircraft. The miniaturization of antenna can improve its concealment and stability, so it is very important to design a miniature antenna. This paper presents a new Ultra-Short Wave antenna with broadband matching network and loaded lumped elements. The antennas integration design connects the broadband matching network made of microstrip circuit with the radiated element of antenna to reduce the length of antenna. It is simulated by Matlab and HFSS, and the genetic algorithm is used to optimize the specific values. The VSWR（Voltage Standing Wave Ratio） of the antenna （operating frequency 100 MHz-400 MHz） is below 3 in the whole band with omnidirectional radiation pattern in the horizontal plane. The physical length of the antenna is just 255 mm which meets the miniaturization requirements. The antenna is fabricated and measured. The antenna parameters measured are in good agreement with the simulated, which has realized the preliminary design goals.