论刑事被害人的过错——以聚众斗殴罪为视角

On Criminal Victim’s Fault

在侵犯人身权利的案件中,犯罪的发生一般是源于犯罪人和被害人相互作用的结果,但我国刑法以犯罪人为中心,被害人过错在定罪量刑的过程中常常被忽视。对于以犯罪人和国家的二元结构模式,不利于犯罪人权利的保障。因此,司法机关在处理聚众斗殴的案件中很少考虑被害人是否有诱发和促进犯罪的发生。在聚众斗殴过案件中,一旦出出现有刑事被害人死亡的情形,司法机关通常按照刑法292条中的规定,以刑法232条故意杀人罪对犯罪行为人进行定罪量刑。鉴此,有必要将被害人的过错纳入聚众斗殴罪之定罪量刑中,按照主客观相一致的原则对犯罪行为人进行归罪惩处。

In the cases involving infringement of personal rights, the occurrence of crime is usually derived from the result of the interaction between the criminal and the victim, but our criminal law always takes the criminal as center, and ignores the victim＇s fauh in the process of conviction and sentencing, which goes against the protec- tion of criminal rights. Consequently, the judicial organs tend to rarely consider the victim during handling the cases of affrays. In affrays cases, if there exists the criminal victims＇ death, the judicial organs, based on the pro- visions of No 292 article of Criminal Law, usually convict and sentence the criminals the crime of intentional homicide according to No 232 article of the Criminal Law. Therefore, it is necessary to take the victim＇s fault into account when convicting and sentencing the criminal of the cases of affrays.