我国农村中小学布局调整的原因、进程、问题及对策

Reasons, Progress, Problems and Countermeasures of the Layout Adjustment of Chinese Rural Primary and Secondary Schools

2001年以来,中国对县镇以下的中小学进行了较大规模的撤并,究其原因,主要有:人口出生率下降,学龄儿童数减少;城镇化快速发展,城镇入学需求增加,农村教育发展步子减缓;教育投入长期偏低,农村办学经费严重匮乏;农村中小学师资力量薄弱,办学条件差,城乡教育差距拉大。这一轮布局调整历时10多年,对于改进教育质量、优化教师配置、提高教育效益等具有明显的效果,但也存在不少问题。近年来,国家不断出台专项治理政策,要求各地有计划地组织实施,加大经费投入,加强校车监管,划拨专项经费改善和增加学生营养,方便学生就近入学。但一些问题依然存在,各地还应积极应对、妥善处理。

Chinese rural primary and secondary schools below the levels of county and town have merged on a relatively large scale since 2001,the main reasons for which are： the birthrate has declined and the number of school-age children has decreased;with the rapid development of urbanization,the demand of enrolment in the urban areas is increasing where as the development of rural education is slowing down;there has long been a low investment in education and a shortage of funds of running schools in the rural areas;there is a weak teaching force and poor conditions in the rural primary and middle schools,resulting in a bigger difference of education between rural and urban areas.Although the layout adjustment over the ten years has made a great effect on the improvement of education quality,the optimization of teaching staff and the improvement of education benefits,many problems have arisen.Governments at all levels are also required to increase the input in education,strengthen the management of school buses,allot special funds to increase and improve students＇ nutrition,so that students will be able to enroll in a nearby school.However,some problems still exist and governments at all levels should actively respond to and deal with these problems.