论条约的接受和适用及对我国的启示

The Acceptance and Application of Treaties and Its Enlightenment on China

国际法与国内法的关系是国际法理论和实践中的一个十分重要的问题。其中,条约在国内的接受和适用问题,又是国际法与国内法关系中不可或缺的内容。对于条约在国内发生法律效力并得到执行的全过程,有必要区分为接受和适用两个不同的阶段。现在绝大多数探讨条约在国内适用问题的论述所使用的纳入(也称并入)和转化、直接适用(自动执行)和间接适用(非自动执行)等概念,是在条约适用的不同阶段具有不同含义的表述。对这些问题进行梳理和分析,希望能对继续深入研究条约在国内适用问题有所裨益,并能对我国完善有关条约的接受和适用法律制度有所启示。

The relations between international laws and domestic laws are quite important issues in the theory and practice of international law, among which the acceptance and application of treaties on the domestic level is the indispensable contents. The whole process of a treaty＇s taking effect and being implemented domestically could be necessarily divided into two different stages： acceptance and application.At present, the concepts like adoption （annexation）, transformation, direct application （self-executing） and indirect application （non-self-executing） are applied in most discussions about the domestic application of treaties. These concepts have different formulations during the different stages of treaty application. This paper intends to throw light upon and analyze these issues, with the expectation to help continue in-depth study of domestic application of treaties and bring some enlightenment to China＇ s perfecting the legal systems of the acceptance and application of treaties.