乌鲁木齐市公众对结核病防治知识认知情况的现状调查

Survey on the public understanding of tuberculosis prevention and control in Urumqi city

目的探讨乌鲁木齐市公众对结核病防治知识的认知情况,为更有效地开展公众结核病防治知识宣传和健康促进工作提供理论依据。方法通过多阶段分层系统随机抽取乌鲁木齐市天山区2个街道的6个社区,选择年龄12～65岁并在调查地居住≥6个月的常住居民作为调查对象,使用国家统一设计的调查问卷进行面对面询问式调查。结果共调查1 200例,公众对结核病防治核心信息总知晓率为55.58%,结核病防治的单项知识知晓率差距较大。有60.49%的公众了解结核病防治知识的意愿强烈,48.72%的公众很愿意参加有关肺结核方面宣传的活动,有54.30%的公众在邻居或同事得了肺结核病不能友善对待结核病患者。公众主要通过电视(45.88%)、报纸书刊(40.83%)等途径获得结核病防治知识的信息。行政管理人员、教师、医务人员倾向于选择文字类宣传资料,学生对图画和声像类有较高的比例。结论乌鲁木齐市公众对结核病防治知识知晓率没有达到国家规划要求的目标,在结核病防治工作中针对不同人群的不同需求采取不同的措施,通过灵活多样的形式开展结核病防治知识宣传工作,以全面提高公众对结核病的认知水平和知晓率。

Objective To provide theoretical basis and more effective prevention and control to tuberculosis （TB） by this survey in Urumqi City. Methods Take 6 communities randomly in Tianshan District in Uru- mqi through multistage stratified sampling and select residents among 12 to 65 year-old who live in local communities for more than 6 months in face-to-face inquiry survey. Results 55.58% informants have been aware of core TB information among 1200 samples, while there are great differences among them about the detailed information. The public has strong will （60.49%） to obtain TB information, and 48.72% of the public are willing to participate in the activities about TB. 54.3 % % of the public are not friendly to TB pa-tients. The main ways for public to obtain TB knowledge are television （45. 88%） and newspapers （40.83%）. Students choose firstly for videos, and text data is easily chosen by administrative staff, teach-ers and medical staff. Conclusion The understanding rate for tuberculosis prevention and control in Uru-mqi is under the national requirement. We need adopt various ways and effective health care education sys-terns for different needs for different people to improve entirely the understanding for tuberculosis preven-tion and control.