氮肥形态对冬小麦干物质积累与产量的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Forms on Dry Matter Production and Grain Yield of Wheat

采用不施氮(对照)、施用等氮量的铵态氮(硫酸铵,AS)、硝态氮(硝酸钠,SN)和2∶1的硝态氨、铵态氮(SN与AS质量比为2∶1)处理,同时在洛阳3个试验点上进行了田间试验,研究了铵、硝态氮对冬小麦干物质累积量﹑产量构成因素及产量的影响。研究结果表明:施肥处理平均比对照组干物质累积量增加36.2%,单施硝态氮干物质累积量最大,硝态氮比铵态氮处理成熟期增加6.5%。硝态氨、铵态配合次于硝态氮而高于铵态氮。氮肥形态主要影响小麦产量构成三因素中的穗数。单施硝态氮穗数、穗粒数和粒重分别比对照组增加15.6%3.6%和5.4%;比施用铵态氮肥穗数增加6.1%。硝态氨、铵态氮配合效果次之。氮肥形态对小麦地上部分生物量、产量构成因素的显著作用最终影响了籽粒产量:施用硝态氮肥比对照组平均增产21.1%,比铵态氮增产9.2%;硝态氨、铵态氮配合比对照增产13.1%。

Field experiments were conducted at three sites in Luoyang city to study the effects of nitrogen forms on dry matter production,grain yield and yield-forming components of winter wheat. The experiments included four treatments,i. e. ,the control applied without any nitrogen fertilizers (CK) ,application with NaNO 3 (SN) , (NH 4) 2 SO 4 (AS) alone or in combination at a ratio of 2∶ 1. Results show that application with N fertilizers increases dry matter production by 36. 2% on average compared with the control. Application with SN alone produces the highest dry matter accumulation,increased by 6. 5% at maturity period compared with application with AS alone. Combination application produces lower dry matter than SN alone but higher than AS alone. Of the three yield-forming components,nitrogen forms mainly affectes spike number. Application with SN alone increases pike number,grain weight,and grain number per spike by 15. 6% ,3. 6% ,and 5. 4% respectively compared with the control,and spike number is increased by 6. 1% compared with application with AS alone.Combination application produces the moderate effects. The significant effects of nitrogen forms on wheat aboveground biomass and yield-forming components ultimately lead to a higher grain yield: an average increase of 21. 1% applied with SN alone compared with the control,and 9. 1% increase compared with AS alone; and an increase of 13. 1% applied in combination compared with the control.