养殖大黄鱼营养成分及组织结构分析

Analysis of Nutrient Composition and Configuration in Cultured Pseudosciaena Crocea’s Muscle

分析3种脱脂工艺(碱法、超临界CO2流体萃取、酶法)对养殖大黄鱼肌肉营养成分以及肌肉组织结构的影响。结果表明:碱法、超临界CO2流体萃取、酶法脱脂率分别为40.60%,13.49%,7.48%。碱法处理的营养成分与野生大黄鱼最接近,CO2流体萃取的营养成分变化最大。养殖和野生大黄鱼肌肉与碱法、酶法、超临界CO2流体萃取处理后的大黄鱼肌肉中SFA:MUFA:PUFA的比例分别是2.9:2.0:1,1.9:1.9:1,1.8:1.1:1,2.2:1.6:1,4.1:3.0:1。评价氨基酸后,5种大黄鱼的EAAI分别为44.03,47.30,41.99,40.33,38.68;呈味氨基酸含量分别为21.67,25.20,20.86,20.94,20.65 mg/g蛋白。组织结构分析表明:碱法脱脂使肌肉纤维结构断裂,变得松散;酶法脱脂后也有类似变化,但不及碱法明显。

The effects of three decreasing technics（alkali,CO2 supercritical fliud extraction and lipase） on the nutrient composition and the muscle configuration of cultured Pseudosciaena crocea were investigated in the current study.The decreasing ratio were 40.60%,13.49%,7.48% respectively for those three technics.The nutrient composition of Pseudosciaena crocea decreased by Alkali was the most similar to that of wild Pseudosciaena crocea.CO2 supercritical fluid extracted Pseudosciaena crocea’ had the greatest change in the nutrient composition.The ratio of SFA：MUFA：PUFA were 2.9：2.0：1,1.9：1.9：1,1.8：1.1：1,2.2：1.6：1,4.1：3.0：1 respectively in the muscle of cultured,wild,alkali decreased,lipase decreased,and CO2 supercritical fluid extracted decreased Pseudosciaena crocea.Amino acid evaluation results showed that the EAAI of five tyes of muscle were 44.03,47.30,41.99,40.33,38.68 respectively,and the contents of flavorous AA were 21.67,25.2,20.86,20.94,20.65（mg/g pro） respectively.The muscle of Pseudosciaena crocea greatly ruptured after alkali decreasing.The similar change was also found in the lipase decreased muscle but not as severe as that in alkali decreasing muscle.