“就/才”句法结构与“了”的兼容性问题

The Syntactic Structures of "Jiu" and "Cai" and Their Compatibility with "Le"

本文试图采用较为严格的实验室方法观察"就"和"才"的预期时间,分析它们与"了"之间的句法组合限制。研究表明,"就"句中事件时间早于预期时间,事件的发生早于预料,具有新闻性,与句尾"了"兼容。"才"句中事件时间晚于预期时间,事件的实现处于言者的等待之中,不具新闻性,与句尾"了"无法兼容。如果将句尾"了"、词尾"了"以及"就/才"均看成一元算子,从辖域上看,副词算子"就"与"才"均能引入一情状变量并加以约束,都与词尾"了"算子没有冲突;副词算子"就"与句尾"了"算子所引入的变量在语义上兼容,即预期事件实现与实现后状态无冲突;而副词算子"才"与句尾"了"算子所引入的变量在语义上不能兼容,即预期事件没有实现与实现后状态相冲突。

By examining the presupposition time of adverb ＂flu＂ and ＂cai＂ ,this paper at tempts to find the syntactic conditions of their cooccurrence with the particle ＂le＂ in a stringent laboratory method. The research shows that in ＂jiu＂ sentence the event time lies before the expected time. The event happens out of the speaker＇s expectation which is ne wsworthy,so ＂flu＂ and ＂le＂ are semantically compatible. While in ＂cai＂ sentence the e vent time lies after the expected time. The event happens in the speaker＇s waiting, it＇s not newsworthy,which leads to the incompatibility of ＂cai＂ with sentence end ＂le＂. If sentenceend ＂/e＂,suffix ＂le＂ and ＂jiu＂/＂cai＂ are regarded as unary prefix operators, in terms of their scopes,the adverb operators ＂fiu＂/＂cai＂ can introduce situation varia bles which are compatible with the suffix ＂le＂ operator. The situation variables introduced by the adverb operators ＂flu＂ and the sentence end operator ＂le＂ are semantically com patible,i, e. ,no conflict occurs between the realization and after realization state of the expected event,while the situation variables introduced by the adverb operators ＂cai＂ and the sentence end operator ＂le＂ are semantically incompatible,i, e. ,a conflict occurs be tween the unrealization and afterrealization state of the expected event.