汉语非典型动结构式的论元结构分析

The Argument Structure Analysis of Atypical Chinese Resultative Constructions

汉语典型动结式(A类)和非典型动结式(B类)都由表示动作的动词加上表示结果的补语构成。非典型的动结式有基本式和特殊式,它们在以下两个方面与典型的动结式有差别:一是没有受事论元,即没有变化的主体;二是补语与动词有更严格的选择限制关系,补语是对动词的细化。虽然有A类和B类差别,但是在某种情况下也存在竞争关系。对极性程度动结式的考察证明,转喻机制为A类构式向B类构式过渡并最终B类构式的胜出提供了认知理据。

Both typical and atypical Chinese resuhatives are composed of a verb represen ting action and a complement indicating result. Atypical resultatives（B type）can be divided into basic model and special model,and are distinct from typical resultatives（A type）in the following two aspects：for one thing no patient is available,i, e. there is no subject of change;for the other,they are under stricter selective constraints between verb and comple ment,with complement functioning as the elaboration and refinement of the verb. Nonethe less,the two types are inevitably linked that under some circumstances they are under competition. In addition,the analysis of resultatives denoting intensity shows that metonymy mechanism works as a cognitive motivation for the transition from A type construction to B type construction.