安徽省阜阳市高职院校护生体力活动与心理健康的相关性研究

Association between physical activity status and mental health among higher vocational nursing students from Fuyang City of Anhui Province

目的 分析高职院校护生体力活动的现状及对抑郁、焦虑心理状态及学校生活满意度的影响,为学校开展高护心理健康教育提供依据.方法 采用青少年体力活动以及心理健康状况、学校生活满意度调查问卷对安徽省阜阳市2所高职院校的2 530名护理专业护生进行调查.结果 共发放问卷2 530份,回收有效问卷2 505份,有效回收率为99.0％.高职护生参加足量高强度、足量中等强度体力活动和体力活动缺乏的比例分别为35％,13.7％和58.1％;参加足量中等强度体力活动的护生抑郁症状的检出率（19.7％）低于未达到推荐标准者（23.5％）,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（x2 =7.02,P＜0.05）;参加足量高强度体力活动的护生抑郁症状（19.2％）、焦虑症状（29.8％）及学校生活不满意（21.6％）的检出率均低于未达到推荐标准者（分别为26.4％,33.1％,26.1％）,两组比较,差异均有统计学意义（x2值分别为28.36,1.09,25.04;P＜0.05）;体力活动缺乏者抑郁症状（26.5％）、焦虑症状（43.8％）及学校生活不满意（25.4％）的检出率均高于体力活动正常者（分别为19.8％,31.2％,22.9％）,两组比较差异均有统计学意义（x2值分别为30.01,4.31,27.41;P＜0.05）.性别、年级、独生子女、家庭类型、自评家庭经济、父母文化程度、自评体型、水果蔬菜的摄入及碳酸饮料的摄入后,足量高强度体力活动是抑郁症状（OR =0.76,95％ CI：0.66～0.88）和学校生活不满意（OR =0.71,95％ CI：0.61～0.83）的保护因素.结论 体力活动缺乏能增加高职护理护生的抑郁、焦虑症状以及学校生活不满意的风险.

Objective To analyze the present situation of physical activity,depression,anxiety and other emotional symptoms among higher vocational nursing students,and assess the influence of the school life satisfaction,providing basis for schools adolescent mental health education.Methods Totals of 2 505 nursing students filled in the questionnaire,material were collected regarding adolescents＇ social demographic characteristics,physical activity,mental health （including depression,anxiety symptoms and school life satisfaction）.Results Among them,the rates of enough high strength,adequate moderate intensity physical activity and lack of physical activity respectively were 35％,13.7％ and 58.1％.The positive rate of depression symptom in students with adequate moderate intensity physical activity was significantly lower than students lacking of physical activity （19.7％ vs 23.5％,x2 =7.02,P ＜ 0.05）.And the positive rates of depression symptom （19.2％ vs 26.4％）,anxiety symptom （29.8％ vs 33.1％）,dissatisfaction （21.6％ vs 26.1％） in students with adequate moderate intensity physical activity were significantly lower than those in students under the standard of physical activity （x2 =28.36,1.09,25.04 ; P ＜ 0.05）.And in students with enough high strength physical activity,the positive rates of depression symptom （19.8％ vs 26.5％）,anxiety symptom （31.2％ vs 43.8％）,dissatisfaction （22.9％ vs 25.4％） were significantly lower than those in students under the standard of physical activity （x2 =30.01,4.31,27.41 ;P ＜ 0.05）.In the adjustment of gender,grade,the only child,family type,self-assessment family economic,cultural degree,mother father cultural degree,self-assessment size,fruit and vegetable intake and carbonated beverage intake,enough big strength physical activity were protection factors of depressive symptoms （OR =0.76,95％ CI：0.66 ～ 0.88） and dissatisfaction for school life （OR =0.71,95％ CI：0.61 ～0.83）.Conclusions The lacking of physical activity can increase the risk of adolescent depression,anxiety symptoms and dissatisfaction for school life.