中国绿色经济效率的区域差异与影响因素分析

Regional Differences in China’s Green Economic Efficiency and Their Determinants

绿色经济效率是一种考虑资源与环境代价后的综合经济效率。本文运用DEA效率模型中非径向非角度的SBM模型对1996-2010年我国各省区绿色经济效率值进行测算,并将其与传统经济效率值的对比,分析了东部、中部和西部绿色经济效率水平的区域差异,然后利用Tobit模型考察了各省区绿色经济效率的影响因素。研究发现:绿色经济效率水平在我国东部、中部、西部三大地区依次递减;与传统经济效率水平相比,我国整体的绿色经济效率水平偏低;未考虑资源和环境因素时,传统经济效率指标高估了东部和中部地区的效率,而低估了西部地区的效率;绿色经济效率与人均GDP之间的"倒U型"关系在东、中、西三大区域都存在,但影响各省区绿色经济效率的其他因素在三大区域却各有差异。最后,根据实证分析结果提出了促进各地区经济转型和发展的政策建议。

The green economic efficiency is a comprehensive index which accounts for both resource and environmental cost factors. In this paper, we estimate the green economic efficiency of various China＇ s provinces for the 15-year period （1996 to 2010） using SBM model, the non-radial and non-oriented model in DEA efficiency models. We then compare the green economic efficiency with traditional economic efficiency, and explore the green economic efficiency levels＇ regional differences among the east, middle and west areas. We also examine the determinants of their green economic efficiency as well, using Tobit model. The results indicate a progressive decrease in green economic efficiency, that is, from east to west, respectively. There has been a significant decline of overall economic efficiency comparison with the traditional economic efficiency level. Without considering both resource and environmental factors, the efficiency levels of both eastern and middle areas have been overestimated while that of the western area underestimated by traditional economic efficiency index. Moreover, there is an inverse U-shaped relationship between green economic efficiency and per capita GDP in all areas, but the factors that influence their green economic efficiency are different. The paper concludes with a discussion on policy implications to promote regional economic transformation and development.