技术选择与劳动收入比重变迁的理论与实证研究

A Theoretical and Empirical Study on Technology Selection and Labor Income Share

基于禀赋结构的视角,本文探讨了技术研发和"拿来主义"式的技术引进对劳动收入比重的差别性影响。对于劳动力相对丰富的中国,如果技术进步内生于要素禀赋结构,技术进步将是以提高劳动收入比重为主要特征的劳动利用型技术进步;发达国家的技术进步则是以资本替代相对稀缺的劳动力为主的资本利用型技术进步。在对外开放过程中,如果不顾禀赋结构的差异,"拿来主义"式的技术引进可能造成技术进步对本国禀赋结构的偏离,从而造成国民收入初次分配的扭曲。基于1996-2010省级面板数据,利用动态面板数据的系统矩估计(SYS-GMM)研究方法,本文实证检验了上述假说,并指出技术进步对要素结构的偏离是现阶段劳动收入比重持续下降的重要因素之一。

From the view of endowment structure, this paper discusses the different influences of R＆D and technology introduction on labor income share. Based on provincial level data and dynamic panal data SYS-GMM method, empirical study shows that for comparatively labor-abundant China, if technical progress is endogenous to factor endowment structure, it will be the labor-utilization progress characterized by improving the labor income share while the industrialized economies are capital-utilization progress characterized by comparatively scarce labor replaced by capital. Technology introduction without considering the factor endowment structure difference will lead to bias to the domestic factor endowment structure resulting in distortion of the initial national income distribution.