俄语动词隐喻象似的复合性与合成性——兼论动词多义问题

On the Complex and Synthetic Similarities of Russian Verbal Metaphors——Also on the Problem of Verbal Polysemy

象似性是动词隐喻的基础和灵魂,而与它相关的一些理论问题并没有得到彻底解决。文章将对俄语动词隐喻的象似性及其相关理论问题进行新的审视和分析,具体论述俄语动词隐喻象似性的复合性和合成性问题:一方面,动词隐喻包含动作象似及动作相关联事物的象似这两个层次的象似性,而且后一层次内嵌于前一层次中,形成动词隐喻的"复合象似"。另一方面,动词隐喻的合成象似性有其特定内涵,合成象似运作表现为"发现象似性"和"创造象似性",合成象似的运作具有自己的内在统一性。该研究为隐喻象似性理论问题的探讨提供了新的揭示,同时有助于深入认识和了解俄语动词隐喻的特质及俄语动词隐喻意义的认知性能、认知机制。

Similarities are the foundation and soul of the verbal metaphors, but some of their related theoretical problems have not been thoroughly solved. This paper will approach and analyze the similarities of the Russian verbal metaphors and their related theoretical problems from new perspectives by discussing specifically their complex and synthetic similarities. On the one hand, the verbal metaphors include two levels of similarities： those of action and those of their related things, and the latter is embedded in the former, forming complex similarities of the verbal metaphors. On the other hand, synthetic similarity of verbal metaphors possesses special connotation, whose operations appear to be discovering and creating similarity, and the operating has its own intrinsic unity. The study would give a new revelation to the researches of metaphor similarity theory. Moreover, it would help better recognize and understand the features of Russian verbal metaphors, cognitive properties and mechanism of metaphorical meanings of Russian verbs.