气道支架在气道狭窄中的临床应用进展

Progress of airway stents application in airway stenosis

气道支架可有效缓解气道狭窄的症状。因材质不同,多种可供选择的支架其优缺点各异。支架置入方法可分为在纤维支气管镜、硬镜及X线引导下三种。支架置入术后总体的并发症发生率约为15%,常见的并发症有支架移位、支架内粘液堵塞、支架内肉芽或肿瘤生长引起堵塞、感染、气管或支气管壁穿孔和支架断裂。气道支架最新进展包括药物涂层支架、放射性粒子支架及生物可降解支架的研究和应用。尽管气道支架存在很多问题,但它仍不失为一种治疗气道狭窄安全、有效、简便的临床治疗新技术。防止气道支架置入后再狭窄及其处理,开发疗效更好、副作用更少的新支架是今后研究的方向。

Airway stents are highly effective in palliating symptoms of airway stenosis. Because of different materials, there are several types of stents can be selected with different advantages and disadvantages. Methods of stent implan- tation include fiber bronchoscope, hard lens and X-ray induced stent implantation. The overall rate of complications after stent implantation is about 15%, the most commonly reported complications include stent migration, obstruction by secretions, obstruction by granulation tissue, tumor growth, infection, tracheal or bronchial wall perforation, and stent fracture. Latest developments of airway stents include the study and application of drug-eluting tracheal stent, radioactive particle stent, biodegradable airway stents. Although there are many unsolved problems, airway stent is still a safe, effective and simple clinical treatment for airway stenosis. Prevention and treatment of restenosis after stent im- plantation, development of novel stents with better effect and fewer side effects are future study focus.