老年痴呆患者居家安全隐患及防护对策分析

Home potential safety hazard of senile dementia patients and its protective countermeasures

目的探讨老年痴呆患者居家安全隐患及防护对策。方法分析2008年7月~2012年7月入住解放军总医院的98例痴呆患者的临床资料及随访结果,首先对患者居家安全隐患进行分析,然后提出相应的预防对策,最后对比分析安全措施实施前后MMSE量表评分、生存质量及危险发生率。结果老年痴呆患者居家安全隐患主要包括：跌倒、坠床、自伤、伤人、误食、食物梗阻、走失、烫伤等,应加强预防。本组患者实施安全措施干预后MMSE量表总得分为（27.8±3.3）分,明显高于干预前[（13.2±1.9）分],差异有高度统计学意义（P〈0.01）;根据生存质量评价标准,本组患者干预前生存质量总得分为（106±5）分,明显低于干预后[（131±8）分],差异有高度统计学意义（P〈0.01）;安全措施实施前后,各种危险事件发生率差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结论痴呆患者居家安全隐患较多,应加强相应安全防护措施的实施;安全防护措施实施后患者基本情况明显好转,且危险事件发生率明显降低。

Objective To investigate the home potential safety hazard of senile dementia patients and its protective countermeasures. Methods Clinical data and follow-up results of 98 patients with dementia treated in PLA General Hospital July 2008 to July 2012 were analyzed. At first, the home potential safety hazard of senile dementia patients were analyzed; then relevant prevention strategy was put forward; at last, the MMSE scale scores, life quality and inci- dence of hazardous events before and after implementing protective countermeasures were compared. Results The home potential safety hazards of senile dementia patients were mainly included unexpected tumble, fallen from bed, self-injure, attack other person, eating issues, food obstruction, lost and scald, which should be strengthen the preven- tion. The score of MMSE scale was （27.8~3.3） points after implementing protective countermeasures, which was much higher than before implementing protective countermeasures [（13.2~1.9） points], the difference was statistically significant （P 〈 0.01）. According to quality of life evaluation standard, the score of before intervention was （106~5） points, which was lower than after implementing protective countermeasures [（131＋8） points], the difference was statistically significant （P 〈 0.01）. The incidence of hazardous events were compared before and after implementing protective countermea- sures, and the difference was statistically significant （P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01）. Conclusion There are many home potential safety hazards of senile dementia patients, the protective countermeasures should be implemented and strengthened. After implementing protective countermeasures, patients＂ basic situation had improved markedly, and the incidence of hazardous events decreased obviously.