从文献角度考察东巴文字符演变

Examining the Evolution of Dongba Characters through Literature

因东巴文断代的困难,东巴文演变研究一直没有突破性进展。但目前可以从两方面来推进,即通过有绝对时间和相对先后的文献材料来考察东巴文字符的演变:一是有部分东巴文文献中有明确的书写时间,可视之为有绝对时间的文献;二是因纳西族迁徙路线中不同地域的东巴文文献反映出不同时期的东巴文状态,东巴文书写者自身不同年龄段书写的变化和有师承关系书写者所书写字符的变化也能反映字符的演变,具有这三方面信息的文献可视为有相对先后的文献。另外在具备绝对时间或相对先后条件的前提下,考察字符演变时采用同类型文献作比较分析。

Due to difficulties in dating Dongba script and limited research materials of Dongba script,a breakthrough in studies on the evolution of Dongba script has not yet been achieved.However,in recent years,we find that the evolution of Dongba characters can be traced from two aspects,that is,from literatures recorded in absolute times and with relative time sequences.First,Dongba literatures with clear writing time can be regarded as absolute chronological ones;secondly,Dongba literatures of different areas reflect the situation of Dongba writing in different periods of Naxi people＇s migration;and the changes of writing due to writers＇ ages and the teacher-student relationship can also reflect the evolution of Dongba characters.We view the latter as literature with relative time sequences.Besides,the literature homogeneity should be considered when examining the evolution sequence of Dongba characters from literature with absolute and relative time sequences.