作为地方话语的民间传说

The Folk Legend as a Discourse of Locality

当代传说研究范式已从文本中心转为语境化研究,在一个限制性的地方人群中,概论式的传说并非都被当做传说看待,它需要与人群发生地方性关联的实感。事实上,传说从来不以娱乐为主要目标,它是地方民众交流的话语形式,它建构了讲述者之间的身份关系并直接影响到他们的行为。所谓民间传说,绝非均质的流传,它体现了人们在某一场域内的竞争过程,其中起主导作用的是凭借不同文化资本而形成的"民俗精英"的松散组合。而作为地方传说,不仅在"地方内"有各种纷争,并且与"地方外"也形成了非常多样的博弈。

The research pattern on contemporary legends has already turned from text-centered study to contextual study. Inside a limited local group, not all the general legends are taken as legends which require the true feeling based on the local association among communities. In fact, the legend has never aimed at entertainment as its main target. It is a form of discourse used in communication among the local people, and it constructs the identity relationship between the narrators and also directly affects their behavior. The so- called folk legend is definitely not a homogeneous distribution. It embodies the process of competition between people in a certain domain or field, in which the loose combination of ＂folk elites＂ formed by different kinds of cultural capital plays a predominant role. As to the local legend, there are not only disputes ＂inside the locality＂, but also various competitions ＂outside the locality＂.