农村居民点整理中二维多元利益格局优化

The Optimization of Two-dimensional Multi-benefit Pattern in Rural Residential Land Consolidation

研究目的:探究中国农村居民点整理过程中中央政府、地方政府、开发企业、村集体、农民个人等多元主体的多元利益格局优化途径。研究方法:文献研究法,实地调查法。研究结果:农村居民点整理模式多样,但现阶段以"农民上楼"模式为主。实践中,存在农民被迫上楼比例超过合理水平、补偿标准与实际补偿有出入、后续就业服务不到位等问题,亟待优化现存二维多元利益格局。研究结论:制度层面上,进一步明晰农村集体土地产权;政策层面上,一要客观评价城乡建设用地增减挂钩政策,二要抑制城市高房价;物质层面上,一要重新考量农民应得利益,二要从长远角度解决失地农民后顾之忧;文化层面上,一是帮助缓解城市化给农民思想和生活方式的冲击,二是媒体舆论要客观公正;技术层面上,根据中国发展阶段研究土地发展权配置,选取试点后综合考虑,谨慎试用。

The purpose of this paper is to explore the ways for optimizing the multi-benefit pattern of rural residential land consolidation in China,involving the multi-actors such as the central government,the local government,the development enterprises,the village collective committee,and individual farmers.The methods of documentary research and field survey were employed.The results include that although rural residential land consolidation modes diverse the mode of farmers relocated to high floor-area ratio building is the main one at this stage.In practice,there are phenomena such as farmers are forced to relocate to high floor-area ratio building,the discrepancy between compensation standards and actual compensation,and lack of subsequent employment services.It is concluded with five amelioration suggestions,including that 1） to further clarify the property rights of rural collective land at institutional level;2） to objectively evaluate the policy of the linkage of the increase of urban construction land and the decrease of rural residential land and to suppress urban high prices at policy level;3） to rethink the interests the farmers from a long-term perspective at material level;4） to ease the impact of urbanization on farmers’opinion and lifestyle at cultural level;5） to design land development rights in China according to the stage of development and to select pilot with cautious trial at technical level.