肾透明细胞癌相关微小RNA的研究进展

The Related Research Progress of microRNA and Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

微小核糖核酸(miRNAs)是一类长约22个核苷酸的非编码单链小核糖核酸分子,miRNA通过与靶mRNA 3'端非翻译序列完全或部分互补结合,导致靶mRNA降解或转录后翻译抑制,从而调控靶基因的表达。最新研究显示人类血清/血浆中miRNA表达稳定,并在肿瘤患者血清中发现多种miRNA,其中的一些已经被证实与肾癌发生及发展相关,以往miRNA与肾癌的研究方向多集中于肾癌组织,尽管发现很多有差异的miRNA,但不同研究者之间的结果常难以相互验证,而最近研究证实血清miRNA具有组织相关性和器官特异性,并对某些肿瘤具有高敏感性和特异性,因此其有望成为新的肿瘤标志物。肾癌是国内泌尿系统的第二常见恶性肿瘤,而且其近年来发病率和死亡率有逐年增高的趋势。由于肾透明细胞癌是肾癌的主要亚型,因此本文就血清miRNA在肾透明细胞癌的表达及其作用的研究进展作一综述。

MiRNAs （miRNAs） are a class of about 22 nucleotides non-coding single-stranded RNA molecules, which fully or partially complementary binding to targeting mRNA 3 ＇end untranslated sequence to regulate mRNA degradation or translational inhibition, and thereby regulate expression of target genes. Recently studies have found that human serum / plasma contains stably expressed miRNAs, variety of miRNAs were found in serum of cancer patients, some of which have been associated with renal cell carcinoma pathogenesis and development. Many studies in the past mainly focused on miRNA in the tissue of renal cell carcinoma, although found many difference of miRNA, but the results between the different Investigator was difficult to mutual authentication, recent studies confirmed that serum miRNA having a high sensitivity and specificity in certain tumors of organization and organ, therefore it is expected to become a new tumor marker, In china, Renal cell carcinoma is the Second malignant tumors of the urinary system, its morbidity and mortality in recent years has increased year by year. Renal cell carcinoma is the main subtype of renal cell carcinoma, so this paper reviewed serum miRNAs in clear cell renal cell carcinoma and the role of research progress.