梯烷脂在海洋厌氧氨氧化研究中的应用进展

THE APPLICATION PROGRESS OF LADDERANE LIPIDS AS BIOMARKERS ON THE STUDY OF MARINE ANAEROBIC AMMONIUM OXIDATION

厌氧氨氧化反应是指NH4+在缺氧条件下被NO2-氧化释放N2的过程,发生在厌氧氨氧化菌的厌氧氨氧化体中,是海洋中N2的重要来源。梯烷脂是厌氧氨氧化菌特有的一种脂类,可以作为一种指示海洋环境中厌氧氨氧化活动的生物标志物。简单介绍了厌氧氨氧化过程的发现、厌氧氨氧化菌的分类和梯烷脂的结构与性质,并总结了影响梯烷脂含量与分布的因素。文中还对梯烷脂作为厌氧氨氧化菌生物标志物在氮循环研究中的应用做了简要介绍,并对梯烷脂在重建古环境中的厌氧氨氧化活动与氮循环过程及气候变化方面的应用进行了展望。

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation（anammox）,is the anaerobic oxidation of ammonium with nitrite as the electron acceptor,resulted ing in the release of N2.It plays an important role in the marine nitrogen cycle,and the processes taking e place in the anammoxosome,a membrane-bound intracytoplasmic compartment of anammox bacteria.Ladderane lipids,specific membrane lipids and biomarkers unique to anammox bacteria,have so far been successfully applied for to the study of marine anammox/nitrogen cycle.In this paper,the discovery of anammox,the classification of anammox bacteria and the structure as well as properties of ladderane lipids were briefly introduced;the factors on the contents and distributions of these lipids,such as dissolved oxygen,nutrient,temperature and water depth were summarized;some reports on the application of ladderane lipids were also given.Though there were few studies on the reconstruction of ancient marine anammox/nitrogen circle using ladderane lipids as biomarkers,these lipids still showed great potential in these respects.