论抽象的人性理论何以可能与为何必要

Why Abstract Theory of Human Nature is Possible and Necessary

一、问题的源起和意义 改革开放以来，基于历史和现实的惨痛教训，人学研究在我国方兴未艾，论文和专著层出不穷，近年来建立人学科学的呼声也日益高涨。由于科学研究的基本特征是抽象和普遍——通过抽象思维获得普遍性命题，建构普遍性的理论体系，因此，人学科学的首要目标就是把人类的普遍特性抽象出来。然而，这一要求与国内流行的人性观是背道而驰的。长期以来，人们普遍被灌输了这样一种观点：马克思主义是反对抽象人性论的，认为不存在超阶级的普遍的人性，人性都是具体的、历史的。

Assert that Marx opposed 'abstract theory of humanity' comes from two mistakes:the first is a translation error of the sixth of On the Outline of Feuerbach,the second is an understanding mistake of the dialectical relationship of 'abstract and concrete' and 'general and specific'.The new translation of the sixth of the Outline has a significant difference from the old.The new translation indicates that Marx is not opposed to abstract theory of humanity,but to put forward a methodology principle:the abstract theory of humanity could not become an abstraction thing over real life,but should be understood by placed in the real life and social relations.Theory must be abstract,but that theory become abstract thing is the result that the thinking way do some wrong.