外来务工人员自我雇佣决定机制的性别差异

The Gender Difference on Self-employment Decision of Migrant Workers

本文采用"中国老年人健康长寿影响因素调查"(CLHLS)2005年的数据分析了外来务工人员自我雇佣决定机制的性别差异。研究结果表明,自我雇佣部门的收入要显著高于工资性部门,男性、女性从事自我雇佣比工资部门月收入水平分别高出795、890元;自我雇佣与工资部门的收入差距(拉力)是推动外来务工人员选择自我雇佣的重要因素,并且对男性的影响要大于女性;在其他部门找不到工作(推力)也是推动外来务工人员选择自我雇佣的因素,但影响不存在性别差异;家庭责任会同时影响男性和女性,但影响机理不同,女性是因为家庭尤其是儿童照料的责任选择自我雇佣,男性则是因为生活压力而选择自我雇佣。这些结论呼吁政府制定具有社会性别视角的劳动力市场公共政策。

Using data from Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey （CLHLS）, we explore the gender difference on self-employment decision of migrant workers. The results show that, the earning of self-employment migrant worker is higher than thoes in the wage sector, the monthly income of self-employment is 795, 890 yuan higher than thoes in the wage sector for male and female respectively. The wage gap push migrant workers into self-employment and the effect is stronger for male. Can not find job in other sectors is a push factor migrant worker in self- employment, but the effect do not have gender difference. Family responsibility affects both malesand females, but the mechanism is different. These conclusions urged government to publish public policy of labor market which has gender perspective.