学校教育与个体的社会适应——对结构功能主义视角的反思

School Education and Individual’s Social Adaptation: Reflection on Perspective of Structural Functionalism

学校教育是个体社会化的主要途径。结构功能主义认为学校教育具有社会化和选择两项基本功能,个体在接受学校教育后能获得社会适应的基本素质,有利于提高个体的社会适应能力。但是,学校教育对于个体社会适应还存在负功能,有时会使个体在社会适应中出现问题。因此,需从学校教育之于个体社会适应的负功能以及学校教育作为一种社会分层的筛选机制两个层面反思结构功能主义视角下的学校教育,在此基础上,从注重多元化知识和价值的培养、坚持教育公平、加强社会实践三个方面修复学校教育之于个体社会适应的功能。

School education is a major channel through which an individual is socialized.According to the theory of structural functionalism,school education possesses two functions: socialization and selection.The fundamental quality that an individual acquires after receiving school education facilitates the improvement of social adaptation abilities,but on the other hand,school education can also cast negative effect on a person’s social adaptation,and sometimes it can make encounter problems in the process of social adaptation.Therefore,attention should be paid to reflecting on social education from the perspective of structural functionalism considering,and both the negative function of school education on individual’s social adaptation and selection mechanism of school education on social stratification.Diversified knowledge and values,education equity and social practice should be advocated in order to renovate the functions of school education on individual’s social adaptation.