教师专业标准及其认证体系的开发——以美国优秀教师专业标准及认证为例

Professional Standards for Teacher and the Development of Teacher Certification System ——A Case Study on Professional Standards of Prominent Teacher and Its Certification in America

教师专业标准最重要的两大用途,一是为专业学习打造更有效的方法,二是建立更有效的体系来评估教师的表现。教师专业标准及认证开发的责任,通常落在政府部门和教师专业团体身上。标准开发应体现多方参与的原则,并突出一线教师的广泛参与。标准开发的关键,是运用恰当的工具在标准和教师的教学行为之间建立联系。美国优秀教师专业标准及认证体系中,基于标准的优秀教师认证评估就是建立这种联系的基本工具,这种评估很好地实现了促进教师专业学习和教师表现评价这两大功能。

There are two most important purposes of professional standards for teacher, one is to produce more effective method for professional study, the other is to build more valid assessment system to evaluate performances of teachers. The responsibility of teacher professional standards and certification development usually rests on government departments and teacher professional groups. The development of standards should reflect the principle of multi-stakeholder involvement, and highlight the extensive involvement of classroom teachers at the same time. The key issue in developing practical standards lies in building the relationship between standards and teaching performances with a proper instrument. In the system of professional standards of prominent teacher of America standards and certification, standard-based certification is proved to be a valid instrument to build such relationship, which has accomplished the two important functions of professional standards.