淀粉改性聚丙烯酸盐营养型土壤保水剂的制备与应用

Synthesis and Application of Starch Modified Polyacrylate Nutritious Super Absorbent

以淀粉为改性原料,尿素为肥料,采用两步水溶液聚合法,合成具有互穿网络结构的聚丙烯酸盐/淀粉水凝胶,研究淀粉用量对水凝胶溶胀度的影响,初步考察以该凝胶作为保水剂对缺水环境下梭梭成活率的影响。结果表明,合成的聚丙烯酸盐/淀粉水凝胶的机械强度较大;淀粉用量为10%时,凝胶具有最大的溶胀度和溶胀速率,加入保水剂能提高梭梭的成活率;与聚丙烯酸盐凝胶相比,加入适量淀粉改性的二步法合成聚丙烯酸盐/淀粉互穿网络凝胶吸水和保水性更高,对植物有一定的保水增肥作用。

Nutritious super absorbent made of starch modified polyacrylate was prepared using starch as modifier and urea as fertilizer in order to provide basis for the research and application of functional super absorbent. Polyacrylate/starch（PAA/St） hydrogel having interpenetrating network was synthesized using two-step aqueous solution polymerization. The influences of starch amount on swelling properties of hydrogels were investigated in detail. For the sake of testing the role of synthesized PAA/St hydrogel as super absorbent, the effect of its addition on sacsaoul survival under water deficit environment was studied. The synthesized PAA/St hydrogel exhibited high mechanical strength. Besides, highest swelling ratio and swelling rate were observed at 10% dosage of starch. Accordingly, survival of sacsaoul was improved in the presence of this PAA/St hydrogel. In comparison with traditional polyacrylate bydrogel, two-step synthesized PAA/St bydrogel at appropriate amount of starch dosage showed higher water absorption and reservation performance which provided it with certain water reservation and fertilizer supplement functions for plant.