PX项目事件与我国石油加工业的可持续发展

PX Projects and Their Effect on Sustainability of Chinese Oil Refining Industry

对二甲苯(PX)是一种轻芳烃(BTX),目前主要从石油炼制和石油化工过程中获得。PX/石油芳烃是一类世界性的重要化工产品,近年来受需求的刺激,世界BTX芳烃产能稳步增长。2011年全球PX总产能3730×104t/a,一半以上都是由大石油公司所控制。我国从1965年开始生产石油芳烃,至今已有近50年的历史,生产PX也已经36年,期间从未发生过一起因PX引起的重大环境卫生事故。2011年我国苯、甲苯和PX产能分别为11.2Mt/a、7.3Mt/a和8.0Mt/a,分别占世界总产能的19.1%、21.1%和21.5%。虽然芳烃产量有较大增长,但仍无法满足消费需求,其中PX缺口最大,2011年我国PX净进口量4.634Mt,比2010年增加1.316Mt。PX项目的建设和生产已经成为影响整个国民经济发展的一个重大问题。世界各国都没有把PX项目单列在炼油或石化产业之外进行布局,国外很多PX工厂与居民区的距离都是比较近的。对于PX的毒性,国内外科学界和产业界的结论是"微毒和可控"。PX项目要在毒性可控的前提下合理选址,并达到我国规定的环境标准。PX产业是一个值得发展的产业。

PX is a type of BTX and is primarily produced from the processes of oil refining and petrochemical processing.PX/petroleum aromatics is an important chemical product used worldwide.Stimulated by growing demand,the world＇s BTX production capacity has been rising steadily in recent years.The world＇s PX production capacity stood at 3730×10^4t/a in 2011,more than half of which was controlled by large oil companies. China began to produce petroleum aromatics in 1965 and has a PX production history of 36 years.No major environmental or health incident has ever happened in the country during the period.In 2011,China＇s ben- zene,methylbenzene and PX production capacities stood at 11.2Mt/a,7.3Mt/a and 8.0Mt/a respectively,which represented 19.1%,21.1% and 21.5% of the world＇s total capacities.Despite rapid growth,China＇s aromatic hydrocarbon production still falls short of demand,with PX shortage being the most serious.The net import of PX in China in 2011 was 4.634Mt,an increase of 1.316Mr from 2010.PX project construction and production has become a key subject that may have an effect on a country＇s economy.No country has put PX aside and made separate plans for PX development from other parts of the refining or petrochemical industry.Many PX plants in foreign countries are located in the vicinity of residential communities.As for the toxicity of PX ,both the scientific and industrial circles believe that it has low level of toxicity and that the toxicity is controllable.PX projects should be reasonably located and meet the national environmental standards while ensuring the PX toxicity is controllable.The PX industry is an industry worth developing.