现代足球比赛中“人墙”排列及动态变化规律研究

On Arrangement and the Changing Pattern of Walls Building in Modern Football Games

足球比赛中人墙是特有的防守手段,全面了解人墙排列和跳起移动的变化规律,对进一步提高任意球防守的认识水平,有一定的实践和理论意义。运用文献法、访谈法和录像统计等方法,对南非世界杯和2010—2011欧洲冠军杯共118场比赛中前场任意球防守人墙排列的形式和特征进行了统计分析。应用测量法对人墙跳起移动的规律进行了探讨。结果表明:人墙排列的人数在2～6人之间,排列人墙的人数与罚球地点与球门的距离和射门角度有关,距离越近,角度越大排列的人数越多;防守人墙采用起跳防守的次数多于原地不动防守;人墙的组合形式多种多样,其中"山"字形人墙组合最多;人墙跳起的高度与罚球距离的关系图呈"钟"形。

The wall is a unique means of defense in football matches. Raising the level of awareness of wall arrangement will make free kick techniques some practical and theoretically significant. Thus, patterns in change of walls built against free kicks during 118 games of 2010 South Africa World Cup and Euro Champion Cup were statically analyzed. This is followed by experiments in a bid to reveal the pattern of movement entailed by wall jumping. The resuhs show that when wall is ar- ranged in number ranging from 2 to 6, the number of players needed for the wall will correlate with free throws locations and the goal distance as well as shot angle. The closer the distance, the more the number of wall components would be entailed. Meanwhile, the greater the angle arranged, the much more wall players are needed. Takeoff defense in wall strategy happen more often than stagnant defensive method. Wall defense is of a combination of a variety of forms with the composition of the ＂mountain＂ shape wall outnumbering the others. Relationship between height of jump in wall defensive moment and free - throw distance was characterized by ＂bel＂ shaped.