日本关于侵犯商业秘密行为的认定

The Identification of Trade Secret Violation Actions in Japan

日本法律中以非穷尽的方式列举了有关侵犯商业秘密的各种行为,本文将其分为两大类,并结合日本法院在相关商业秘密侵权诉讼中的判例解析了日本司法实践中对认定侵犯商业秘密行为的规定及其应用。在认定侵犯商业秘密事实中,日本司法实践仍然采取的是接触加相似,并排除合法来源的思路:对于"接触"除了实际的接触事实外,没有实际证据但被判断为显而易见的"接触机会"也在考虑因素之中;对于"相似"更加重视实质内容上的相似;对于"合法来源"的认定中重视获取信息的合理性和逻辑性;对于第三方明知或者应当知晓的认定中,重视其主观要件。此外,日本法律还特别对善意第三方转化为恶意第三方的情况进行了规定。

The Japanese law lists trade secret violation actions in a non-exhaustive way. This paper will analyze the provisions and the application of trade secret violation actions in Japanese judicial practice, combining the trade secret infringement litigation in Japanese courts. In the identification of trade secret violation actions, ＂contact plus similarity, exclude legal sources ＂is still the main idea. For ＂contact＂, not only the actual contact, but also the apparent ＂contact opporttmity＂ will be considered. For ＂similarity＂, the similar in substance will be considered more. For ＂legal sources＂, the rationality and logic in obtaining information obtaining will be considered. For third-party knew or should have known of the finds, subjective elements are very important. In addition, Japanese law also set regulations for the situation about a bona fide third party transformed into a malicious third party specifically.