杭州市学校健康素质教育现状调查及对策分析

Analysis on school health quality education situation and measure in Hangzhou City

目的通过对杭州市大中小学生健康素质教育现况的调查及影响因素的分析,探讨提高学生健康素质教育的有效途径与策略。方法采取5级评分制编制学校健康素质教育现状及评价调查问卷;运用分层随机整群抽样方法对杭州市城乡17所学校共2939名大中小学生及相关人员进行现场调查及访谈;等级资料采用秩和检验,多因素分析用Logistic逐步回归法。结果高中在心理咨询热线设立、心理测量调查开展、突发事件应急演练、卫生所健康教育活动举办方面的比例最低(均低于50%);小学生对学校健康素质教育的效果评价最好,初中生和大学生其次,高中生最差(P均<0.01)。突发事件应急培训(OR=3.437,95%CI:2.608～4.529)、卫生所健康教育活动(OR=3.240,95%CI:2.602～4.035)、健康管理服务(OR=2.284,95%CI:1.803～2.894)、强制锻炼要求(OR=1.823,95%CI:1.481～2.244)、心理健康测量(OR=1.567,95%CI:1.260～1.950)依次是学生健康素质教育效果评价的主要影响因素。结论学校应把学生健康素质教育作为首要育人任务,加大高中学生健康素质教育工作;政府及教育部门应根据大中小学生的持续成长过程的身心特征有针对性地探究健康素质教育及促进的途径与方法。

Objective To analysis the current status and main influencing factors of health quality education in ur- ban and rural schools, and explore effective ways and strategies to improve student health quality education. Methods The Likert five Ratings system was used to design the questionnaire for student health quality education status and evaluation sur- vey. The stratified random cluster sampling method was carried out to select the sample in Hangzhou City. A total of 2939 subjects including students and related staffs from 17 of schools were investigated. The K-W-H test was used for ranked data analysis, and logistic stepwise regression method was used for multivariate analysis. Results The percentages of psychologi- cal counseling hotline, psychological survey, emergency event training, health education activities were all lowest in high school （less than 50% ）. The students＇ evaluation on school health education in primary school was the best, and then bet- ter in middle school and college, worst in high school （P 〈0. 01 ）. Emergency response training （OR = 3.437, 95% CI： 2. 608 -4. 529 ） , health education activities carried out by health center （OR = 3. 240, 95 % CI： 2. 602 -4. 035 ） , health management services （ OR = 2. 284, 95 % CI： 1. 803 - 2. 894） , mandatory exercise requirements （ OR = 1. 823, 95 % CI： 1.481 - 2. 244）, mental health measurements （ OR = 1. 567, 95 % CI： 1. 260 - 1. 950 ） were main influencing factors of student health quality education evaluation. Conclusion Student health education work should be a primary task in schools, and health quality education in high school should be strengthened. Government and the education departments should im- prove health quality education and promotion methods based on the physical and psychological characteristics of primary, middle school and college students.